English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


SECONDARY STAGE 
ENGLISH 

BOOK ONE 

FOR CLASS IX 


For 

Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro. 


i 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


CONTENTS 



Page 

1. The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet 

3 

2. Shah Abdul Latif 

7 

3. The Neem Tree (Poem) 

17 

4. Moen-jo-Daro 

19 

5. Helen Keller 

28 

6. The Daffodils (Poem) 


7. Allama Iqbal 

37 

8. The Role of Women in the Pakistan Movement 

45 

9. Children (Poem) 

55 

10. What the Quaid-i-Azam Said 

59 

11. Health is Wealth 

66 

12. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (Poem) 

71 

13. The Great War Hero 

74 

14. Nursing 

80 

15. The Miller of the Dee (Poem) 

85 

16. Responsibilities of a Good Citizen 

87 

17. The Village Life in Pakistan 

92 

18. Abou Ben Adhem (Poem) 

97 

19. The Secret of Success 

99 

20. The Guddu Barrage 

106 

www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com : 



2 





www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


1. THE LAST SERMON OF THE HOLY PROPHET 
(Peace be upon him) 

Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) the Prophet of Islam, was born in 571* 
A.D. at Makkah. He belonged to the noble family of Quraish. Our Holy Prophet 
Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is the last of the prophets. The Quraish used to 
worship idols and did not believe in One God. Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon 
him) asked the Quraish not to worship their false gods. He told them that he was 
Prophet of God and asked them to worship the One and the only true God. Most 
of them refused to accept Islam. They thought that by preaching Islam he was 
against their gods and their ancestors. They opposed this new faith and their 
bitter opposition caused the Prophet (peace be upon him) much agony and a lot 
of trouble. Their opposition to Islam became so fierce and terrible that he had to 
ask the believers to migrate to Medina. In 622 A.D. the prophet (peace be upon 
him) himself accompanied by his faithful friend Hazrat Abu Bakr, migrated to 
Medina. This event is known in history as the "Hijra". 

In Medina, the Prophet (peace be upon him) founded an Islamic Society, based 
on the three principles that all power belongs to God, Muhammad (peace be upon 
him) is His Prophet, and all Muslims are brothers to one another. He raised 
women from the status of a chattel to complete legal equality with men. He made 
people to live with faith, sincerity and honest dealing, and for the first time in 
history made universal human brotherhood a fact and principle of common law. 
His support and guide in all that work was the Quran. 

In the 10th year of Hijra, the Prophet together with his followers went to perform 
Hajj at Makkah. 

On this historic occasion, he addressed a very large gathering of Muslims on 
Mount Arafat. This address proved to be his last Hajj sermon. In this sermon, he 
once again repeated the message of Islam. He said: 

"There is no god except Allah. He is the only God. None shares His authority and 
power. He fulfilled His promise and helped His Prophet against the forces of evil." 

"O people! Listen to me carefully. We may not have the opportunity to meet 
again 

in such an assembly after today'. He quoted a verse from the Holy Quran and 
said, 'Allah says, O mankind! We created you from a male and a female and 
made you into tribes and nations so as to be known one from the other. And in 
the eyes of Allah, the most righteous is the most honourable among you. In the 
light of this verse, no Arab is superior to a non-Arab. Nor is a white man in any 
way better than a black man. Only the goodness of a person makes him superior 
to others. The whole of humanity is the offspring of Adam, and Adam was created 
from dust. I, therefore, crush under my feet all the false claims to greatness and 
superiority founded on blood or wealth." 

He further said, "O people! A Muslim is another Muslim's brother and all the 
Muslims are brothers among themselves." 

Finally he said: "I have given you the message of Allah. I am leaving among you 
a thing, which will guide you. If you act according to it, you will never wrong. This 
is the Holy Book of Allah". 

Although the Prophet (peace be upon him) is no more with us, we have the Holy 
Quran to give us guidance. We should read it daily and try to understand what it 


^According to some histories the birth-year of the Holy Prophet (p.b.u.h) is 570 A.D 


3 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


teaches. If, we make a habit of acting according to its teachings, we will very 
soon achieve our former greatness in the world. 


Question & Answers 

Q.l When and where was Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) born? 

Ans. Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H) the prophet of Islam was born in the year 571 
A.D at Makkah. 

Q.2 To which tribe did Prophet Mohammad belong? What did they believe 
in? 

Ans. Prophet Mohammad belonged to the noble family of Quraish. They believed 
and worshiped idols and did not believe in one God. 

Q.3 What did Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) ask the Quraish to do? 

Ans. Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H) asked the Quraish not to worship their false 
Gods and asked them to worship the one and the only true God. 

Q.4 Why did Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) migrate to Madina? 

Ans. Most of the people of Makkah refused to accept Islam. They opposed the 
new faith and their bitter opposition causes the Prophet (P.B.U.H) much agony 
and a lot of trouble. So in 622 A.D. Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) migrated to 
Madina. 

Q.5 What is Hijra? Where did it take place? 

Ans. In 622 A.D the prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) accompanied by his faithfully 
friend Hazrat Abu Bakr migrated to Madina. This count is known in history as the 
"Hijra". 

Q.6 On what principles was the Islamic Society founded? 

Ans. In Madina the Prophet (P.B.U.H) founded the Islamic Society based on the 
three principles: 

* All power belongs to Allah. 

* Mohammad (P.B.U.H) is his Prophet. 

* All Muslims are brothers to one another. 

Q.7 What does the last sermon teach us? 

Ans. In the 10th year of Hijra the Prophet (P.B.U.H) together with his followers 
went to perform Hajj at Makkah. There he addressed a very large gathering of 
Muslims at mount Arafat. This was the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). 
It teaches us that there is no god except Allah. Only the goodness of a person 
makes him superior to others. The most righteous is the most honourable. All 
Muslims are brother to one another. Finally the last sermon teaches us that the 
Holy Quran is the message of Allah and if we act according to its teachings, we 
will never go wrong. 

Q.8 Why did the Quraish oppose the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H)? 

Ans. The Holy Prophet asked the Quraish not to worship there false Gods but to 
worship the One and only true God and to accept him as the Prophet of God. 
However, they refuse to do so and believe that he was preaching against their 
Gods, and their ancestors. So they oppose the new religion of Islam and their 
fierce and terrible oppositions made it impossible for the Prophet (P.B.U.H) to 
continue being in Makkah and compelled him to leave that city, Makkah. 


4 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Textual Study 


Exercises 


1. Study the following words carefully and look up their meanings in the 
dictionary: 


S.No 

Words 

Meanings 




1 

belonq 

Be owned by; be in the possession of 

2 

opposition 

The action of opposing something that you disapprove or 
disagree with 

3 

bitter 

Marked by strong resentment or cynicism 

4 

agony 

Intense feelings of suffering; acute mental or physical pain 

5 

trouble 

A source of difficulty 

6 

fierce 

Marked by extreme and violent energy 

7 

terrible 

Exceptionally bad or displeasing 

8 

aggressive 

Having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of 
your ends 

9 

attack 

Launch assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with 

10 

display 

To show, make visible or apparent 

11 

appearance 

Outward or visible aspect of a person or thing 

12 

defeat 

Win a victory over 

13 

mount 

Attach to a support 

14 

victory 

A successful ending of a struggle or contest 

15 

humanity 

The quality of being humane 

16 

difference 

The quality of being unlike or dissimilar 

17 

offspring 

The immediate descendants of a person 

18 

chattel 

Personal as opposed to real property; any tangible movable 
property (furniture or domestic animals or a car etc) 

19 

universal 

Of worldwide scope or applicability 





2. Use the following words in your own sentences:- 


S.No 

Word 

Sentence 




1 

belong 

The whales belong among the mammals 

2 

fierce 

When the market opens up to international players, 
competition gets fierce. 

3 

defeat 

Pakistan army defeated India in 1965 war. 

4 

offspring 

she was the mother of many offspring 

5 

victory 

the general always gets credit for his army's victory 





Comprehension 
Tick (V) the right answer 

1. Where is mount Arafat? 
It is near Medina. 

It is near Makkah. V 
It is In Pakistan. 


5 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


2. What did the Prophet (peace be upon him) say about Muslims in his Last 
Sermon? 

The Muslims are enemies of one another 
The Muslims are friends of one another. 

The Muslims are brothers to one another. V 

3. Supply the missing words or phrases: 

1. This event is known in history as the Hijra 

2. There is no god except Allah. 

3 .All Muslims are one and brother to one another. 

4. I am leaving among you a thing which will guide you. 

Composition 

1. Write a short paragraph on the life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon 
him). 

Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) the Prophet of Islam, was born in 571 
A.D. at Makkah. He belonged to the noble family of Quraish. Our Holy Prophet 
Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is the last of the prophets. 

Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) preach to worship one God, and in his 
preaching he face a lot of troubles, but he stood calm and patient. He found an 
Islamic society based on brother hood and love, in his last sermon to 
Muslims he declare them brother to each other and said they are all equal. 

2. What does the Last Sermon teach us? Write five sentences about it. 

In the 10th year of Hijra the Prophet (P.B.U.H) together with his followers went to 
perform Hajj at Makkah. There he addressed a very large gathering of Muslims at 
mount Arafat. This was the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). 

It teaches us that there is no god except Allah. Only the goodness of a person 
makes him superior to others. The most righteous is the most honourable. All 
Muslims are brother to one another. Finally the last sermon teaches us that the 
Holy Quran is the message of Allah and if we act according to its teachings, we 
will never go wrong. 

Study of Structures 

1. Next 
Examples: 

1. The very next year of Hijra they attacked Medina. 

2. When you come here next time, bring your brother with you. 

3. The next boy in line should come forward. 

4. He lives next to my house. . 

2. Last 
Examples: 

1. God chose Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of His 
Prophets. 

2. Who was the last boy to come into the class? 

3. This is the last time I am accepting your excuse. 

4. At last he said that he was going away. 

3. Nothing but (means only) 

Examples: 

1. He spoke nothing but the truth. 

2. She does nothing but good. 


6 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


3. There is nothing but trouble in store for you. 

4. He reads nothing but story books 

4. Listen to 

Examples 

1. O people! Listen to me carefully. 

2. He is listening to the radio. 

3. If you don't listen to your teacher you will fail. 

4. Listen carefully to what your teacher says. 

Listen to means 'to hear' and also 'to take advice'. 

5. Transposition of direct and indirect object. 

Examples : 

1. I have given you the message of Allah. 

I have given the message of Allah to you. 

2. I am giving the book to him. 

I am giving him the book. 

3. She bought a pen for him. 

She bought him a pen. 

4. They sold their cow to me. 

They sold me their cow. 

Note: The position of direct objects can be changed to the position of indirect 
objects and vice versa as given above. 

Exercises: 

1. Frame five sentences using nothing but with the following verbs: 


S.No Word 

Sentence 




1 

Receive 

Our NGO receive nothing but human resource. 

2 

touch 

Some people feel nothing but touch to understand their 
surroundings. 

3 

display 

At the time of war army should display nothing but 
courage. 

4 

seek 

To seek blessing in the hereafter world we should do 
nothing but pray to God and love His creation. 

5 

prove 

If suhail want to prove himself in the exams than he should 
do nothing but hard work. 





2. Frame five sentences using last with the following 

nouns: 


S.No 

Word 

Sentence 

1 

prophet 

Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.a.w) is the last Prophet of God. 

2 

speech 

Our bellowed Prophet gave his last speech at the mound of 
Arafat. 

3 

queue 

The last person in the queue to take the ticket of bus ticket 
was suhail. 

4 

visit 

Irshad was the last to visit white palace in swat during our 
Pakistan tour. 

5 

time 

It is difficult to pass the last time in roza. 





7 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


3. Complete the following sentences, choosing the appropriate 
structure from the given list: 

Listen to, nothing but, next, last. 

1. They listen to the advice of their teacher. 

2. They will loose nothing but their chains. 

3. He was the next to vote. 

4. He heard the news the last day. 

4. Cross out the wrong word: 

1. We will go to class ten the isst/next year. 

2. They like to nothing but / listen to music. 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


2. SHAH ABDUL LATIF 

Islam is the religion of peace. God sent the Prophet as a blessing to mankind. He 
won people's hearts by his kind nature and gentle ways. His noble example was 
followed by many of his followers, in all ages, all over the world. It was through 
the efforts of these saintly men that Islam spread far and wide. These holy men 
were, extremely successful in bringing non-Muslims to the fold of Islam. 

In every part of our country, there are shrines of such saints. In Lahore, are the 
shrines of Data Ganj Bukhsh and Mian Mir Sahib. In Pak Pattan lived and died 
Baba Fareed. In Multan, is the shrine of Ghous Bahaul Haq. In Peshawar, in 
Quetta, and in countless other towns and cities there are the tombs of these men 
of God. In Sindh are the tombs of two great saints, Shah Abdul Latif and 
Qalandar Lai Shahbaz. 

The great saint Shah Abdul Latif; who is lovingly called Lai Latif by his devotees, 
was born in 1102. Hijra in a small village called "Hala Haveli". The good Mughal 
Emperor Aurangzeb then ruled the country. Shah Abdul Latif's ancestors migrated 
to Sindh during the days of Tamerlane. They had come from Hijrat. Sindh was 
then a centre of Muslims culture and Shah Abdul Latifs ancestors liked it so much 
that they decided to make it their home. But no one would have remembered 
their names or learnt about them, if many centuries later, one of their 
descendants, Sayed Habib Shah, had not been blessed with a son who grew up to 
be saint Lai Latif. 

Shah Latif had a very sensitive mind. His heart was soon filled with the love of 
God. The beauty of nature aroused his feelings strongly. While he was only a boy, 
he started composing poetry. He was also keen on acquiring knowledge and he 
grew up to be a scholar of Arabic and Persian. When he was twenty he married a 
noble and good lady. He showed great kindness to his wife and lived at home for 
many years. His heart, however, turned more and more towards religion and 
devotion, and he felt restless in living a normal domestic life. 

When his father died, Shah Latif left his home and went to live on a mound at 
some distance from his village. A mound of sand is called "Bhit" in Sindhi. Due to 
the fact that he lived on this mound for the rest of his life, Shah Latif came to be 
known as "the Saint of Bhit". To this day, he is famous all over the country as 
Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai or Shah Latif of the Mound. 

As days passed, Latif's love of God grew more and more, until he found pleasure 
only in devotion and spent most of his time in prayer and deep thinking. His 
spiritual power grew stronger with prayer and devotion, so much so that people 
began to be attracted towards him. Any one, who came to him, was strongly 
impressed by his gentle ways and his followers increased day by day. Closed to 
the mound on which Lai Latif came to live is a natural lake. His poetic nature 
loved the calm atmosphere. He would spend much of his time sitting on the bank 
of this lake. As he sat there, he prayed to God and sometimes composed verses 
in His praise. 

Shah Latif was not only a saint and a poet, but also a musician. He found great 
comfort in music. His skill in this art enabled him to make many improvements 
and changes in the difficult music of his time. As in everything else, he loved 
simplicity in music and musical instruments. He did not agree with the idea that 
music should be difficult. So he made it simple. He also invented a simple musical 
instrument and called it "Tambooro". It was like an instrument used by the Arabs 
but the number of strings was different. To this day the 'Tambooro' is popular all 


9 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


over Sindh. Old and young play it and sing the songs of Latif to its simple but 
moving tunes. 

Lai Latif Died in 1165 Hij'ra on the Mound where he had lived and was buried 
there. A famous king of Sindh. It, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, was so devoted to him 
that he built a shrine over his grave. Latif's devotees collected his poetry and this 
collection came to be called the Risalo of Shah Abdul Latif. He was a poet of the 
people, so he wrote poetry in the language of the common man. This collection of 
his poems is so valued that it has been translated into many languages. One 
great quality of Latif's poetry, besides its simplicity, is its moving music. When 
you listen to it, even if you do not understand a word of it, you will be moved by 
its melody. 

Latif's "URS" is held at his shrine every year on 14th Safar, the second month of 
the Muslim calendar. Many thousands of people gather, listen to the Saint's songs 
sung on the "Tambooro" and offer their prayers. Many learned men read papers 
that tell about Latif's life and his poetry. Recently a library, a rest house and a 
museum have been built. The shrine itself has been rebuilt and connected with 
the main road. It's lovely white dome representing the purity and dignity of Latif, 
can be seen from many kilometers. 

Latif's message is the message of love. He believed in the brotherhood and 
equality of men and in pleasing God by goad deeds. This according to him is the 
goal of life. 

Exercises 
Textual Study 

1. Study the following words carefully and look up -their meaning in your 
dictionary: 


S.No 

Words 

Meanings 




1 

ancestors 

Someone from whom you are descended (but usually more 
remote than a grandparent) 

2 

migrated 

Move from one country or region to another and settle 
there 

3 

sensitive 

Responsive to physical stimuli 

4 

normal 

Being usual, typical or standard; not abnormal 

5 

attracted 

Direct toward itself or oneself by means of some 
psychological power or physical attributes 

6 

buried 

Placed in a grave 

7 

dignity 

The quality of being worthy of esteem or respect 

8 

shrine 

A place of worship hallowed by association with some 
sacred thing or person 

9 

dome 

A concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that 
the concavity faces downward 





2. Make sentences of your own using the following words: 


S.No 

Word 

Sentence 




1 

messaqe 

She messaged the final report by fax. 

2 

example 

this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome. 


10 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


3 

religion 

he lost his religion but not his morality 

4 

famous 

Shan is a famous Pakistani Actor 

5 

invented 

The soma cube puzzle was invented by mathematician Piet 
Hein 





Comprehension 

Q. 1. Where is Bhit Shah? Tick (V) the right answers. 

(a) It is at a distance of 55 kilometres from Hyderabad. V 

(b) It is a village near Karachi. 

(c) It is a town. 

Q. 2. What changes did Shah Abdul Latif make in the music of those 
days? 

(a) He made it more complicated. 

(b) He simplified it. V 

(c) He did not invent any new tunes. 

Q. 3. Why did Shah Abdul Latif love the lake which is near the mound? 

(a) He prayed near it. 

(b) He loved the peace and quiet of the scene. V 

(c) He liked to sit near it because it was cool. 

Composition 

1. Say in five sentences what you know about the poetry of Shah Abdul 
Latif. 


2. Write five sentences about Bhit Shah if you have seen it. Study of 
Structures 


1. Of 

Examples: 

1. Islam is a religion of peace. 

2. Latif came to be known as the Saint of Bhit. 

3. Please give me a cup of water. 

4. The box of matches is in the kitchen. 

2. With 

(a) Examples: 

1. His heart was soon filled with the love of God. 

2. He was blessed with a son. 

3. She is with me. 

4. She goes to school with her brother. 


With is a Preposition. It shows the relationship of a Noun or Pronoun to some 
other word in the sentence. 


(b) Some more uses of with. Examples : 

1. He is writing with a pen. 

2. He fought with a sword. 


ii 





www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


3. He is erasing it with an eraser. 

4. He is eating with a spoon. 

3. Many 

Examples: 

1. His noble example was followed by many of his followers. 

2. He has many books. 

3. Do you read many books? 

4. I read many books every year. 

Many shows the number of objects or persons. It is the opposite of few. 

4. At 

Examples: 

1. Latif's 'urs' is held at his shrine every year. 

2. He left the book at home. 

3. He was present at the function. 

5. Every 

Examples: 

1. Latif's 'URS' is held at his shrine every year. 

2. We have an English period every day. 

3. Every one stood up when the teacher entered the class. 

4. Every one began to write. 


12 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


3. THE NEEM TREE 

[This poem was written by Mrs. Elsa Kazi, the German wife of Alla ma 1. 1. Kazi, 
the late Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sindh. She was born at Weimar in 
Germany. She met Allama 1. 1. Kazi in 1907 in London and in 1910 was married to 
him. They came to Sindh in 1911 where she spent the rest of her life, visiting 
Europe now and again. She wrote poems in German and English and also helped 
her husband in writing his book "Brown Girl in Search of God She died in 
Hyderabad on May 28, 1967, and is buried beside her husband at the Sindh 
University Campus Jamshoro.] 

My lovely Neem, 

That intercepts sun's scorching beam, 

Yet bears the heat all day 
Without the rain's refreshing spray. 

Thou charm'st the wanderer's woe away 

With soothing shade 

How strong you are, ho w unafraid. 

How green, thy leaves inspite of all 
The mid-day flames that burning fall 

Upon thy unprotected head 

Could man be both as thou and rise 
Above the earth, with the sheltering arm 
To save the suffering ones from harm. 

From sorrows, poverty and vice 
Through sacrifice 

Could man be steadfast, and dike thee 
Face every fate, would it not be 
Fulfillment of life's loftiest dream 
My lovely Neem!. 

- Mrs. Elsa Kazi 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com : 



v • 


13 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


4. MOEN-JO-DARO 

Moen-jo-Daro or the 'Mound of the Dead' is one of the oldest cities in the world. 
It is at a distance of 27 kilometers from Larkana on the right bank of the river 
Indus. Few people live there today, but four thousand and five hundred years ago, 
it was a large, busy city. 

Nobody knew anything about it until 1922; when some villagers found pieces of 
old smooth pots and old bricks at the place, where now stands the uncovered 
city. 

These pieces of old pots and bricks were brought to Sir John Marshall, an English 
civil servant, whose work it was to look after historical remains, like ancient 
buildings and other old things such as these pieces of pots and bricks. He was 
himself, very interested in history and was anxious to find out about these 
remains. So, when he looked at them carefully, he at once knew that they were 
pieces of very old pots. About the bricks he said, "Perhaps there was once a town 
or a city which lies under these mounds of clay and sand. Let us dig here, may be 
we shall uncover the remains of an old city". 

So, the men started digging and as they dug, more and more such pieces came 
up, till there appeared bit by bit a city of straight roads, and well-built houses. 
You can imagine, how surprised and excited the people were, when they saw all 
this coming up from what they had so far taken to be only mounds of clay and 
sand. Each house was made of large baked bricks and had a bathroom and 
servant-quarters close by. Covered drains ran beside the streets. Even the streets 
were made of baked bricks. Carts and other forms of transport could come right 
to the centre of the town. You can still see the great hall where grain was stored. 
There is a wide road in the middle of which was the shopping centre with shops 
on both sides. This road, continues on to the houses of the workmen. 

The people of this city must have been great traders, with the river Indus so near 
and the sea within easy reach. The country-side must have been fertile since 
wheat, rice and cotton grew there. The farmers also kept cattle. There were 
skilled craftsmen who worked in gold, silver and ivory. Clay dolls and carts were 
made for the children to play with. We also have an idea of the dresses worn by 
the ruling class, the priests and the elders, from the seals of many kinds that 
have been found there. They wore long, loose dresses. 

Nearby is a museum, where interesting objects found from Moen-jo-Daro, are on 
exhibition. These include seals, jewelry, toys, weapons and painted pottery. The 
best find of Moen-jo-Daro is the head of a bull, which was used as a seal. A metal 
statue of a dancing girl has also been found. There are metal tools too. It is 
because of these metal objects that the probable age of the city is being given as 
about four thousand five hundred years. 

For a long time, these people lived a happy life. They were quite rich and 
travelled from place to place on business or on pleasure. Their city was well- 
planned and clean. The rain water did not remain on the streets. We do not know 
what happened lo them later. Either they were raided from the north or some 
great earthquake destroyed them. No one has yet been able to determine the 
meaning of the words written on the seals and on the pottery. Much could be 
learnt if the language experts are able to decipher these words. 


14 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Learned men and visitors often come to the site. They come not only from 
Pakistan, but also from all over the world. Let us hope that their efforts succeed 
in deciphering these words. We will then know a great deal more than we do now 
about this dead civilization. 


15 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


5. HELEN KELLER 

How fortunate are those who are born into this world with two eyes to see all its 
beauty! But there are some unfortunate people who can neither see nor hear. 
This world, which is so full of beautiful colours and sweet sounds, appears 
colourless and dull to these poor souls. What a misfortune! They cannot see the 
lovely flowers blooming in the gardens and hear the birds singing sweet songs. 
They indeed feel very sad, for their fate is so hard. Worse is the fate of those who 
can see and hear once and then no more. But they are so courageous and bold 
that they do not look unhappy. They accept the challenge of their fate and try to 
live cheerfully. 

Among such brave and courageous persons, the name of Miss Helen Keller tops 
the list. 

Helen Keller was born in 1880 in a little town in the United States of America. Up 
to the age of two, she was quite a normal child. She could see and hear 
everything. In February 1882, little Helen fell dangerously ill. All felt sorry for her, 
because she became blind and deaf. Her parents looked sad. Everybody was 
unhappy and the little child felt miserable. 

When she was seven years old, her life suddenly changed. Helen's father asked a 
lady named Miss Sullivan to come and look after his blind child. Miss Sullivan had 
herself, become blind, when she was a child but afterwards she got her eyesight 
back. She thanked God for His kindness to her by helping other blind people and 
making them happy and content. She started teaching Helen. One day, she took 
Helen to the river bank and put her hand in the water. Slowly she made her write 
the word 'w-a-t-e-r' on the sand. She made her do it several times and thus 
Helen learnt how to spell the word 'water'. She felt very excited, because she 
knew that at last there would be some light in her dark world. 

The work was very slow and difficult, but Miss Sullivan was very kind and patient. 
Little by little, she taught Helen about mountains and rivers and about history 
and geography. She even, taught her how to count and do sums. 

When she was eight, she was sent to a school for blind children. She had 
forgotten how to speak, but her teacher helped her. She would put Helen's hand 
on her own lips and let her feel the movements of the lips at the time of 
speaking. Helen did many exercises like this and at last at the age of ten she was 
able to speak again. "What a joy" she exclaimed. By and by, she learnt to read 
books. These books were printed with raised points instead of letters and she 
read them by touching with her fingers. In this way, she was able to learn as 
much as other people could. She passed all her examinations easily. She went to 
college and then to Harvard University. She studied at the University and 
graduated without difficulty." She proved to be a better student than many 
others. Her teachers loved and admired her. 

In 1956, this wonderful lady visited Pakistan. She was seventy-six, but still very 
active. Pakistani people gave her a warm welcome. She came to our country to 
help the blind and the deaf. She addressed many gatherings, in Karachi and 
visited the School for the Blind, Deaf and Dumb. "What a nice school!" she 
exclaimed. "How wonderful it is to be with you, my dear sons and daughters! 
Always be happy and cheerful. Never curse your fate. You can do everything in 
this world", she said to the students of the school and admired heartily all the 
ladies, who were working and teaching there voluntarily with so much zeal and 
selfless affection. 


16 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


6. THE DAFFODILS 

[This poem is written by the famous English poet William Wordsworth. He was 
horn in the beautiful Lake, District of England in the year 1 770. From his early 
days, he was very fond of flowers, birds, lakes, rivers, rocks and trees. He used 
to spend much time enjoying their beauty. He used to take long tours on foot and 
visit the beautiful natural scenes which he laved so much. He started a new kind 
of poetry written in simple words about natural objects and simple country 
people. He died in 1850. ] 

I wandered lonely as a cloud 

That floats on high o'er vales and hills, 

When all at once I saw a crowd, 

A host, of golden daffodils; 

Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. 

Continuous as the stars that shine 
And twinkle on the milky way. 

They stretched in never-ending line 
Along the margin of a bay: 

Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance 

The waves beside them danced; but they 
Outdid the sparkling waves in glee: 

A poet could not but be gay, 

In such a jocund company! 

I gazed - and gazed - but little thought 
What wealth the show to me had brought: 

For oft when on my couch I lie 
In vacant or in pensive mood, 

They flash upon that inward eye 
Which is the bliss of solitude; 

And then my heart with pleasure fills, 

And dances with the daffodils. 

— William Wordsworth 

Notes 

The daffodil is a lovely flower, growing wild and in gardens, which comes into 
flower in the early spring. It has a thin green stalk, usually more than a foot in 
height, and a single, large bell-shaped flower surrounded by large pointed petals 
of the same yellow colour. This may be any shade of yellow, from pale yellow to 
golden. Daffodils grow in groups, often under or near trees. While the single 
flower is lovely, a large group of daffodils is one of the most beautiful sights of 
the English countryside. 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com : 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


7. ALLAMA IQBAL 

Allama Mohammad Iqbal, the poet of the East, was born in Sialkot, a town in the 
Punjab, on 9th November, 1877. He received his early education in his home 
town. In 1895, he went to Government College, Lahore. He passed his M.A. in 
1899, from the University of the Punjab. In the same year, he was appointed 
Professor of Arabic at the Oriental College, Lahore. He held this job till 1905. In 
that year, he left for England for higher studies. In London he received a law 
degree. In 1908, he was awarded a degree of Ph. D. by Munich University, for his 
work on Persian philosophy. That is why, he is also known as Dr. Mohammad 
Iqbal. 

Allama Iqbal is generally known as a great poet. He was no doubt a great poet, 
but poetry was only one of his many accomplishments. He was well-versed in 
philosophy, both Eastern and Western. He pointed out the defects in some of the 
philosophical systems of the West. He devoted a great part of his life to the study 
of Islam. He also took an active part in politics. He worked for the Muslims of 
South Asia with great courage. 

He was elected a member of the Punjab Legislative Council in 1926 and held that 
office till 1929. He did not seek re-election. He was elected President of the 
Punjab branch of the All-India Muslim League and held that post till his death. In 
1930, he presided over the Allahabad meeting of the All- India Muslim League. It 
was on this historic occasion that he made a definite demand for a separate 
Muslim State in South Asia. In his presidential address Dr. Iqbal said, "India is a 
continent of human groups belonging to different races, speaking different 
languages and believing in different religions. Their behavior is not governed by a 
common race feeling. These groups are all separate nations. The principle of 
European democracy cannot be applied to India without recognizing the fact of 
different groups. The Muslim demand to create a Muslim India within India is in 
no way without justice. For my part I would like to go one step forward; I would 
like to see the Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan 
united under a single Muslim State. The Muslims are anxious to have a separate 
state, because they fear the Hindu majority which, they believe, will not allow 
Muslims to develop freely." This demand shocked both the Hindus and the British 
alike. They both opposed it. 

This was the first time that a demand was made for a separate Indian Muslim 
State. Dr. Iqbal did not stop at this. All his efforts were now directed towards the 
achievement of this goal. In May 1937 Dr. Iqbal wrote a letter to the Quaid-i- 
Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. In this letter, he discussed in detail the problems of 
the Indian Muslims. He once again, advised that only the creation of a separate 
Muslim State could solve these problems and said to the Quaid, "Don't you think 
that the time for such a demand has already arrived?" 

On 21st June 1937, he again wrote to the Quaid-i-Azam, "A separate federal 
state of Muslim provinces, formed on the lines I have proposed, is the only way 
by which, we can have a peaceful India and save Muslims from the rule of non- 
Muslims." 

The Muslims awoke from their sleep as a result of Iqbal's efforts. They turned 
over a new leaf. Now they all wanted a separate Muslim State. The Muslim 
League representing the whole of Muslin India, met in Lahore and passed a 
resolution on 23 March, 1940, demanding a separate state for the Muslims of 
India. This resolution is now known as the 'Pakistan Resolution'. From this time 
onward the Muslims never looked back. They put their heart and soul into the 
struggle for Pakistan'. 


18 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


They succeeded in their struggle. On 14 August, 1947, Pakistan appeared on the 
map of the world. Iqbal died in 1938, and could not see the actual creation of 
Pakistan, but he had played a major part in its creation. Quaid-i-Azam praised 
Iqbal's role in a message on his death: 'To me was a friend, guide and 
philosopher and during the darkest moments through which the Muslim League 
had to go, he stood like a rock " 

He believed that faith in Islam made the Indian Muslims one nation, separate and 
apart from the Hindus. He strongly believed that in a united India where the 
Hindu majority would rule the country, the Muslims could not develop freely He 
had a great love for Islam, and was completely devoted to it. Both his prose and 
poetry reflect this devotion. He always advised Muslims to remain true to their 
faith. In his Allahabad address he said: 

"I have learned one lesson from the history of Muslims. At difficult moments in 
their history, it is Islam that has saved Muslims and not Muslims that have saved 
Islam. If today you put your faith in Islam, you will become strong and united 
once again and save yourselves from complete destruction". 


19 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


8. THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PAKISTAN MOVEMENT 

You have already learnt that Pakistan was established on 14 August, 1947. Before 
this the British ruled South Asia. After about one hundred years of the British 
rule, both the Hindus and the Muslims of India realized that they must recover 
their independence and do away with the rule of the British. In the beginning, 
both the Hindus and the Muslims worked together to drive the British from India. 
Together they formed a political party called the Indian National Congress, But 
soon the Muslims realized that the Hindus who were in majority in the Congress 
as well as in the country, would never give equal treatment to the Muslims and 
would not share the fruits of independence with them. So they formed their own 
political party, and called it the All-India Muslim League. Many Muslim leaders, 
who had earlier joined the Congress party now left it and became members of the 
Muslim League. In 1934, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah became its 
President The Muslims being united on a common platform, under his able 
guidance and leadership, now started their struggle for an independent Muslim 
State to be called Pakistan. 

It was very difficult to make the British realize that they had to consider the 
demands of the Muslims before they decided to give independence to India. A 
long and hard struggle followed. Not only did the men take part, but women also 
actively participated in this glorious struggle. At that time, our women were in 
strict purdah. They were less educated and less politically aware than the Hindu 
women. But, there were a number of brave and selfless women who inspite of 
these hindrances, came forward and worked for this noble cause side by side with 
men. They formed, the women's branch of the Muslim League to organise women 
and inform them about the politics of the country. They travelled to the 
countryside to tell the women there, what they should do. They organised public 
meetings for women and addressed large gatherings. They also took part in 
public meetings organised by men and made speeches before large audiences. 
They met wives and daughters of the British officers including those of the 
Viceroys and made them realise that their demand was just. They opened classes 
in their own homes to educate Muslim girls. Sometimes, the police would use 
tear-gas and would lathi-charge the women's meetings and even arrest their 
leaders. 

They encouraged their brothers, husbands and sons not to give up the struggle 
until their goal was achieved. Among such selfless and courageous women the 
name of aged Abadi Begum , popularly known as ' Bi Aman ' leads the rest 'Bi 
Aman ' was the mother of Moulana Mohammad Ali and Moulana Shaukat Ali , two 
brave and noble brothers who devoted their lives to the cause of Muslims. When 
in this struggle the two brothers were arrested, brought to trial and imprisoned 
for two years, she sent a word to them not to give up their cause and not to ask 
for pardon, which was the condition of their release. ' Bi Aman ' had not been to 
school or college. Her greatness lies in the fact that she had taught her sons to be 
willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of Muslim independence and later 
encouraged them to accomplish their goal. 

Another lady worthy of our admiration is Begum Mohammad Ali. Dressed in a 
burqah she not only attended men's public meetings but was also the first Muslim 
woman to address them. She spoke in simple words and in a natural tone but 
very effectively. She also wrote for the Press. Her opinions were highly respected 
and the Quaid-i-Azam held her in great esteem. When she was to address 
women's meetings, large crowds would gather to hear her. Men and women 
honoured her alike. 


20 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Then there was Miss Fatima Jinnah whom the grateful nation later called Madr-i- 
Millat (Mother of the nation). She helped her brother in the struggle for the 
establishment of Pakistan. It was through her that the Muslim women were able 
to seek the Quaid-i-Azam's guidance and to have interviews with him. Being more 
politically informed, she passed on her information to other women. In addition to 
all this, she looked after her illustrious brother. 

Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali worked as an honorary secretary and typist to Liaquat 
Ali Khan (her husband) at a time, when the Muslim League could not afford the 
salary of a secretary. She arranged parties, where Muslim women could meet the 
wife and the daughter of the Viceroy, so as to explain to them their side of the 
matter and express their protest. She also organised the Women's Voluntary 
Service and later the Women's National Guards, consisting of three battalions 
with 2400 girls, in which, she herself held the rank of Brigadier. 
In Sindh, the work of awakening the Muslim women was carried out by Lady 
Nusrat Haroon , Lady Suqhra Hidayatullah, Begum Khairunnisa Shaban and Miss 
Fakhrunnisa Wali Mohammad Effendi. Lady Haroon was a spirited woman of 
upright character and a kind hostess. Her house in Karachi became the centre of 
women's political activities and it was a place of welcome to the Muslim League 
workers when they came to Karachi to attend meetings. Classes were also held in 
her house to educate Muslim girls. Lady Hidayatullah travelled throughout Sindh 
holding women's public meetings. The first public meeting of women in Sindh was 
held in Karachi's Zoological Garden. These three ladies led the anti-British 
processions. Lady Sughra Hidayatullah and Begum Khairunnisa Shaban also led 
processions in Lahore and succeeded in hoisting the Muslim League flag on the 
Secretariat. 

Begum Jahan Ara Shahnawaz from the Punjab, represented the Muslim women at 
the three Round Table Conferences held in London and was the first woman ever 
to make a speech in London's Guild Hall. She also travelled widely and explained 
to the people of other countries, why the Muslims in India wanted a separate 
State. Other women, who played an active part in the struggle for independence 
are Begum Iqbal Hussain, Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain, Geti Ara Bashir 
Ahmed, Begum Shaista Ikramullah , Begum Viqarunnisa Noon , Begum Nawab 
Mohammad Ismail, Noorus-Sabah Begum and Fatima Shaikh of Hyderabad Sindh. 


21 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


9. CHILDREN 

[This lovely poem about children is written by the American poet Henry 
Longfellow. He was born in 1807 and died in 1882. He was a Professor at the 
Harvard University, which is considered to be one of the best American 
universities. He was very interested in the culture of other countries and had 
travelled widely. His poems deal with not only the American scene but also much 
of what he saw during his travels.] 

Come to me, O ye children! 

For I hear you at your play, 

And the questions that perplexed me. 

Have vanished quite away. 

Ye open the easten windows, 

That look towards the sun. 

Where thoughts are singing swallows 
And the brooks of morning run. 

In your hearts are the birds and the sunshine, 

In your thoughts the brooklet's flow. 

But in my mind is the wind of Autumn 
And the first fall of the snow. 

Ah! what would the world be to us 
If the children were no more? 

We should dread the desert behind us 
Worse than the dark before. 

What the leaves are to the forest, 

With light and air for food. 

Ere their sweet and tender juices 
Have been hardened into wood. 

That to the world are children; 

Through them it feels the glow 
Of a brighter and sunnier climate 
That reaches the trunk below. 

Come to me, O ye children! 

And whisper in my ear 

What the birds and winds are singing 

In your sunny atmosphere. 

For what are all our contrivings. 

And the wisdom of our books. 

When compared with your caresses. 

And the gladnesss of your looks? 

Ye are better than all the ballads 
That ever were sung or said; 

For ye are living poems, 

And all the rest are dead. 


- Henry Longfellow 


22 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Notes 

This poem has 9 stanzas. A stanza in a poem is what a paragraph is in your 
lesson. Each stanza has 4 lines. In each stanza, the last word of the second line 
produces the same sound as the last word of the fourth line. For example, play, 
away, sun, run, flow, snow. 


But the last word of the first line and last word of the third line do not produce 
the same sound in all the stanzas, though in some it does. See in other stanzas 
also what the last word of second and the fourth line is. 


23 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


10. WHAT THE QUAID-I-AZAM SAID 

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who laid the foundation of Pakistan, was 
born at Karachi on 25th December, 1876. As a young boy, he was educated at 
Karachi. When, he was sixteen years old, he passed his matriculation examination 
and was sent to England for higher studies. On his return to India he started his 
practice, as a lawyer first in Karachi, and then in Bombay. He showed, great 
efficiency in his work. It was his determination and wise leadership, which freed 
the Muslims from the double yoke of British rule and Hindu domination. 
In appreciation of his services to the Muslims of South Asia we call him "Quaid-i- 
Azam", or the "Great Leader". He loved his country and his country-men dearly. 
He joined the Indian National Congress but soon left it and joined, the Muslim 
League, to champion, the cause of the Muslims. Then, he started a long and hard 
campaign to get a separate homeland for the Muslims. It was in 1947 that he 
succeeded and became the first Governor General of the newly-created State. He 
worked day and night for the progress and improvement of Pakistan. It was 
unfortunate indeed that only twelve months after the creation of Pakistan, the 
Quaid-i-Azam died on 11th September 1948. 

He will always be remembered, as the founder of Pakistan. Although he left us 
after such a short time, his speeches are there to guide us. If we follow the 
directions given in them, we will be able to serve our dear Pakistan in the best 
way. The Quaid-i-Azam firmly believed, that one day the Muslims, would achieve 
their desired goal. Three years, before the creation of Pakistan, on 8th March 
1944, speaking at a lunch given by Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, Vice-Chancellor of 
Aligarh University, he said, "You can get Pakistan not by asking, not by begging, 
not even by mere prayers but by working with trust in God. Insha-Allah Pakistan 
will be yours." 

To him all Pakistanis were equal. He believed that religion or caste do not 
separate one Pakistani from another. Soon after, he became the Governor 
General of the newly created State, he told the happy people, "You are free to go 
to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of 
worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste ... we 
are all citizens and equal citizens of the stated." 

The Quaid-i-Azam, again and again, told his people that what they needed most 
was a good education. Speaking at the fourth session of the Gujrat Educational 
Conference held on 14th January 1945, he said that education was a matter of 
life and death to our nation. "The world is moving so fast that if we do not 
educate ourselves we will not only be left behind but also will be no more." 
For him education and character-building went hand in hand. In his message, to 
the All Pakistan Educational Conference held in Karachi on 27th November 1947, 
he said, "Education does not merely mean academic education and even that of a 
very poor type. What we have to do is to mobilize our people and build up the 
character of our future generations". 

Several times, the Quaid-i-Azam reminded his people that Pakistan can only 
prosper and grow stronger if the people served it with honesty and selfless 
devotion. On 14 August 1948, at the First Annual Celebration of Pakistan he said, 
"Establishment of Pakistan is a fact to which there is no parallel in the history of 
the world. It is destined to play a magnificent part year after year, as we go on, 
provided we serve honestly, earnestly and selflessly. 


24 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


11. HEALT IS WEALTH 

One day Kashif went shopping with his mother. As he was very fond off sweets, 
he asked his mother if he might buy some. 

Mother: No, no, Kashif. You shouldn't buy any sweets from this shop. See, flies 
ale sitting on them. If you eat those sweets you will fall ill. 

Kashif: All right, Mother, let's walk across the road. Look, here is another shop. 
Shall we buy some from here ? 

Mother: Yes, it's a clean one. There are no flies. Oh, no. I have just seen a man 
sweeping the road by the shop. There is a lot of dust. You oughtn't eat anything if 
there is dust on it. Flies and dust carry hundreds of germs and they are enemies 
of our health. 

Kashif: Please Mother, tell me more about these germs. 

Mother: Listen very carefully. These germs are the smallest living things. They 
cannot be seen with the naked eye. You only see them through a microscope. 

Kashif: How do the flies carry them? 

Mother: You have seen flies sitting on dirty things. There are germs on these 
things and they stick to the flies' legs. When the flies sit and walk on our food the 
germs stick into it. And when we eat that food the germs get into our bodies and 
make us ill. 

Kashif. Oh, I see! So, we should never eat such sweets and food that are not 
properly covered. 

Mother: Dust also carries germs. We can't see them, but the air is full of them. 
So, you must remember not to eat food if flies have been sitting on it or if there is 
dust on it. 

Kashif: Right I won't buy anything from these shops where things are not 
properly covered. 

Mother: A great many diseases are caused by these germs. For instance, the 
germs of typhoid and several other diseases are carried by flies. 


Kashif : But, Mother; I have read in my book that malaria is caused by a kind of 
mosquito and not by flies. 

Mother: True. You are right. One can get malaria from a mosquito bite. 

Kashif: Where do the mosquitoes live? 

Mother: They live in stagnant water. Some people use kerosene oil and D.D.T. to 
kill the mosquitoes before they are big enough to fly away and bite healthy 
people. 


25 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Kashif: If everybody in Pakistan takes part in the fight against mosquitoes, we 
will soon get rid of malaria. 

Mother: Yes, my son, I think so too. We should try to keep ourselves healthy as 
"Health is Wealth". If we are not healthy, we won't be able to work hard, study 
and learn. 


26 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


12. STOPPIN BY WOODS A SONWY EVENING 

[This poem is written by the American poet Robert Frost. He was born in San 
Francisco, California, on 26 March 1874. He died on 29 January, 1963 in Boston, 
following a cancer operation. Frost used in his poetry, the language of everyday 
life and depicted scenes from the common man's experiences and from country 
life. He received many honours for his poetry.] 

Whose woods these are I think I know, 

His house is in the village though; 

He will not see me stopping here, 

To watch his woods fill up with snow 

My little horse must think it queer 
To stop without a farmhouse near, 

Between the woods and frozen lake 
The darkest evening of the year 

He gives his harness bells a shake 
To ask if there is some mistake, 

The only other sound's the sweep 
Of easy wind and downy flake 

The woods are lovely, dark, and deep. 

But I have promises to keep, 

And miles to go before I sleep, 

And miles to go before I sleep 

—Robert Frost 


27 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


13. THE GREAT WAR HERO 

Among the Pakistani heroes of the 1965 war, who fought on the Lahore Front 
there was one Major Raja Abdul Aziz Bhatti. 

He fought against the enemy for six days and nights without rest, and laid down 
his life in the defence of his country. For this act of valour, he was awarded the 
Nishan-e-Haider, the highest military award of Pakistan. 

Aziz Bhatti was born in 1928 in Hongkong, where his father, Mohammad Abdullah 
Khan Bhatti, was a teacher. He thus received his early education in Hongkong. In 
1945, he came with his father to his home village Ladian in Gujrat District 

He first joined the Air Force, and in 1948, he became a cadet of Pakistan 
Military Academy at Kakul. He did very well at the Academy and was awarded 
the Sword of Honour, and the Norman Medal. He joined, the 6th Punjab Regiment 
as a commissioned officer, where he proved to be a very good military officer. 

On the morning of 6 September, 1965, he received orders to proceed to the front 
at once. The Indians were fully equipped with guns and tanks. Major Aziz Bhatti 
was fired with the true patriotic spirit of a disciplined soldier. With his small 
company he not only stopped the Indian advance but also pushed them back. 

On 11 September, he was reorganizing his company and directing the gunners to 
shell the enemy positions. In order to watch every move of the enemy, he had to 
place himself in an elevated position, where he was exposed to enemy fire. 

He performed his duty bravely. His soldiers asked him to come down but he 
refused. This brave son of Pakistan wanted to save not himself but his country. A 
shell from an enemy tank struck him on his right shoulder and our brave hero 
fell. 

A day before his martyrdom, the commanding officer had sent him word that 
since he had been fighting untiringly for the last six days, he should take a little 
rest and that another officer was being sent to replace him. Major Aziz, who was 
filled with the spirit of Jehad replied, "Do not recall me. I don't want to go back. I 
will shed the last drop of my blood in the defence of my dear homeland". 

These words will ever inspire the youth of Pakistan with confidence and courage. 


28 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


14. NURSING 

Nursing means taking care of and looking after the sick, the injured, the young, 
the old or the helpless, with love and sympathy. It is difficult to say at what point 
in history nursing was organised in a scientific way. Yet it is easy to understand 
that it must be as old as man's feeling for his suffering fellow men. For only 
sympathy and love could move one human being to feel sorry for someone in 
distress, to look after him in sickness and try to do something for him and to 
restore him to health. 

Islam regards nursing very important. Our Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) 
visited the sick regularly, comforted them and spoke kind words to them. He 
would go, even to inquire after his ailing enemies. He urged the Muslims to help 
those who were sick or suffering. On the battlefield, all Muslim soldiers were 
always very kind to the sick, old and the injured. They never killed their wounded 
enemies. Muslim ladies were very active on the battlefield giving water to the 
soldiers and tending the wounded and the sick. Hazrat Ghifaria, who accompanied 
the Holy Prophet in the Battle of Khyber, was a very good nurse. When the battle 
was won, the Holy Prophet presented a necklace to her. In due course, the Holy 
Prophet established a hospital in Medina and placed it in the charge of a very 
competent nurse, Hazrat Rufaida by name. Among those who helped in looking 
after and nursing the patients in this hospital were Hazrat Fatima, the youngest 
and the dearest daughter of the Holy Prophet and Hazrat Asma, the daughter of 
Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). 

Nursing was not at all popular in the beginning. Parents did not allow their 
daughters to become nurses. This can perhaps be best shown in the story of the 
girl, who in 1851, became the founder of modern nursing and one of the greatest 
women in history. Her name was Florence Nightingale. 

Florence Nightingale was born in the town of Florence in Italy in 1820. Her 
parents were wealthy and cultured English people, and expected her to marry 
into a noble family. But, she had other ideas. At seventeen, she felt that the aim 
of her life was to serve suffering humanity. When she was twenty-four she 
decided that she should become a nurse. "Nothing is nobler than nursing", she 
declared. Her family was shocked to learn this. Everybody opposed her. But she 
would not give in. At last, after seven years of struggle, she was allowed to go for 
training at the Kaiserswerth Institution of Nursing in Germany. 

In 1853, she was given the management of a small hospital for sick women in 
London. In 1854, when there was a war between England and Russia, the British 
Government asked her to go to the Crimea to manage the military hospitals 
there. She played a great role in the Crimean war. The nation thankfully offered 
her a purse of £ 45,000. With this money she founded an institution for training 
nurses in London. 

At present, there are many training institutes for nurses in our country. A large 
number of Pakistani girls from good families, after being trained in these 
institutes, are working in hospitals, clinics and nursing homes. 


29 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


15. THE MILLER OF THE DEE 

(This poem is written by the Scottish journalist, poet and song-writer Charles 
Mackay. He was born in 1814. He is famous chiefly for his songs, some of which 
were very popular even in his lifetime. He died in 1889.) 

There dwelt a miller hale and bold, 

Beside the river Dee; 

He worked and sang from morn to night, 

No lark more blithe than he, 

And this the burden of his song 
For ever used to be, 

"I envy nobody, no, not I, 

And nobody envies me!" 

"Thou'rt wrong my friend!" said old King Hal, 

"Thou'rt wrong as wrong can be; 

For, could my heart be light as thine. 

I'd gladly change with thee, 

And tell me now, what makes thee sing 
With voice so loud and free, 

While I am sad, though I am the king, 

Beside the river Dee?" 

The miller smiled and doffed his cap; 

"I earn my bread," quoth he, 

"I love my wife, I love my friend, 

I love my children three; 

I owe no penny I cannot pay; 

I thank the river Dee, 

That turns the mill that grinds the corn 
To feed my bales and me". 

"Good friend!" said Hal, and sighed the while, 

"Farewell, and happy be; 

But say no more, if thou'dst say true, 

That no man envies thee. 

Thy mealy cap is worth my crown, 

Thy mill my kingdom's fee; 

Such men as thou are England's boast. 

O'miller of the Dee". 

— Charles Mackay 


30 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


16. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A GOOD CITIZEN 

Before we discuss what a good citizen owes to society, let us see, what society 
does for him. Thousands of years ago, men lived in caves like animals. Each one 
of them lived by himself and for himself. They hunted for their food and lived 
hard lives. We now call them savages. They learnt to live a safer and better life 
together. At first, they began to live in families and then in tribes. Later, they 
settled along the banks of rivers where, in time, grew towns, large and small. Life 
became safer and easier. Some men began farming the land. Some became 
weavers, some masons, some cobblers and some soldiers. They all worked for 
one another. 

As societies grew larger and as men became more civilized, many more 
professions and occupations developed. Laws were made to make life safer and 
happier. Today we have doctors, teachers, engineers, artists, writers, policemen 
and a host of other workers, who all do something for their fellow-men. 

If we just think for a few minutes, how many things and services we use in one 
day, we shall realize how much we owe to society. The milkman brings milk for us 
and keeps cattle for the benefit of us all; the baker bakes the bread; the printer 
prints our books; the driver drives the bus in which we go to school or our place 
of work; and the workers and engineers run the mill which weaves the cloth we 
wear. The teacher teaches the pupils at school, the doctor treats the sick and the 
shopkeeper sells articles of daily use. Public parks are maintained for the benefit 
of citizens. The traffic police regulates the traffic so that we may travel without 
any fear of accident. 

We just turn on the tap and fresh water flows out. We press a switch and light 
comes on. The cleaning of the streets and the removal of filth and garbage are 
possible, only in an organized society. The telegraph, the telephone and the trains 
are all benefits of collective efforts. Then, the radio and the T.V. give us both 
enjoyment and instruction. 

We must repay society for all these gifts. If a milkman mixes water in the milk, 
how can he expect other members of society to treat him fairly? If a shopkeeper 
gives short measure or sells sub-standard goods, he must be prepared to get the 
same kind of treatment form others. If we ignore traffic rules, we not only 
endanger the lives of others but our own as well. 

It is also the duty of every citizen to understand the problems facing his country. 
He must co-operate with the Government in solving them. Problems facing 
Pakistan are poverty, illiteracy and population growth. For the establishment of a 
better society, these problems have to be solved through proper education and 
hard work. 

The Government of Pakistan has started many programmes to solve these 
problems. These are, for example, programmes for rural development, literacy 
and adult education, health, sanitation and social welfare, and population 
planning. Education centres, family and social welfare and population planning 
centres have been set up throughout the country 

Many benefits we enjoy are provided by our own country and society. It is, 
therefore, our duty to be loyal and patriotic to Pakistan. We should pay our taxes 
promptly, fully and honestly, so that we may continue to enjoy all social benefits. 

Islam lays great stress on our duties as citizens. The Holy Prophet (peace be 
upon him) once said, "God lays so much stress on the rights of our neighbours 


31 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


that I almost thought they would get the right of inheritance in our property". In 
short, we cannot be good Muslims without being good and dutiful citizens. 


32 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


17. A LETTER ABOUT THE VILLAGE LIFE IN PAKISTAN 

E-60, Block F, 
North Nazimabad, 
Karachi. 

16th August, 
2006. 


My dear Nomi, 

Many thanks for your kind letter which I received sometime back. I'm sorry that I 
couldn't write to you earlier. I assure you that I will not take so long to reply in 
future. The reason for the delay was that I went to my uncle's village during the 
summer holidays. I had never been there and I wanted very much to see 
something of village life. Fortunately the day before my holidays began, my 
eldest uncle came to Karachi and I was able to return with him to his village. In 
this letter, I will tell you all that 1 have seen. I hope you will enjoy it, as you were 
born and brought up in Canada. 

Well, the villagers are very simple and straightforward people. They lead a 
simple, happy and contented life in their own way, which is quite unlike our 
modern city life. Their houses are different from those in big cities. They are 
mud-plastered, except for a few that are made of red brick. Most of the lanes and 
streets are narrow and dusty. Usually the villagers go about on foot. They don't 
use motorcars and taxis or even buses for short distances. That is why they are 
healthy and strong. 

The markets in villages are not the same as in Karachi or Toronto. In the village, 
shops are few and scattered. The carpenter and the blacksmith are the two 
workmen, who are needed most in the village. They make and repair the farmers' 
tools and do other odd jobs. 

Two other important persons in the village are the primary school-teacher, who 
also acts as the postmaster of the village, and the 'Imam' of the mosque. 

The 'Imam' exercises a great influence on the villagers, who look up to him for 
moral and religious guidance and for the treatment of minor ailments and 
common diseases of their children. Fie also runs a 'Maktab', where he teaches the 
Holy Quran to young children, for which he does not charge any fee but accepts 
small presents like milk, butter or ghee from the parents of the children as a 
token of love and affection. 

There is a meeting place in every village known as 'Otaq'. The villagers meet 
there in the evening or in their leisure hours, talk about the weather, the crops 
and village affairs and enjoy the folk songs, sung to the tune of the Ghaghar and 
the Tamboora. 

Just as "otaq", is the meeting place for men, the village well is the meeting place 
for women. 

The village people generally awake at dawn. They are not late sleepers like city 
people. Men go to say their prayers in the mosque, while women say theirs at 
home. Men milk 

the cows and buffaloes and women churn milk to make butter and lassi. Lassi is 
their main drink. Nowadays, tea also appears to have found its way into the 
homes of some of the villagers. 


33 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


Village life has its own charms. It is very pleasant to go and live there for a few 
days. In cities there are various kinds of pollution, air pollution, water pollution 
and noise pollution. In villages the atmosphere is peaceful and people enjoy the 
fresh air and natural beauty. You can watch a villager working in his fields from 
dawn to dusk. You can see him working with a sickle in his hand reaping the crop 
under the scorching sun. The farmer's life is a model of hard work. 

1 hope you will find this letter interesting. I'm looking forward Id hearing from 
you. 

My respects and salams to uncle and aunty. Love to dear Roomana. 

Your loving cousin, 
Shahid. 


34 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


18. ABOU BEN ADHEM 

(This, poem was written by the English poet James Henry Leigh Hunt. He was 
born in 1 784 and educated at a famous charity school called Christ's Hospital. He 
was not only a poet but also a journalist and an essayist. He was sent to prison 
for two years, because he had criticised the Prince Regent in his weekly paper 
"The Examiner". He continued to edit this paper while in jail. Many poets visited 
him there. He influenced and encouraged young writers of his time. He died in 
1859 .) 

Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase) 

Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace, 

And saw, within the moonlight in his room. 

Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom. 

An Angel writing in a book of gold. 

Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, 

And to the presence in the room he said, 

"What writest thou?"— The vision raised its head. 

And, with a look made of all sweet accord, 

Answered, "The names of those who love the Lord". 

"And is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay, not so." 

Replied the Angel. Abou spoke more low, 

But cheerily still, and said, "I pray thee, then, 

Write me as one that loves his fellow men,' 

The angel wrote, and vanish'd" The next night 
It came again with a great wakening light, 

And show'd the names whom love of God had bless'd. 

And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. 

- J.H. Leigh Hunt. 


35 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


19. THE SECRET OF SUCCESS 

A long time ago there lived a king who was in search of the secret of success. He 
thought if he could find out the answers to three questions, he would discover 
this secret and would never fail. The questions were: 

What is the most important time to start some work? What is the most important 
work to do? Who is the most important person ? 

The king asked his minister to announce that whoever answered these questions, 
would get a reward of 5,000 gold coins. Many persons came but none gave the 
correct answers. 

He, then called the wise and learned men of his country to his court. He discussed 
the problem with them for many days. They too, were not able to satisfy him 
because they could not see eye to eye with each other. If, some of them gave 
one answer, the others argued against it. If one man advised one thing, the other 
would advise exactly the opposite. If one man came out with one suggestion, 
another would suggest something totally different. The king did not approve of 
their answers. 

There was a jungle at some distance form the capital. In this jungle, there lived 
an old and wise man, who was known as a saint. His fame had spread far and 
wide. The king had heard of him. He wanted to ask his advice. The trouble was 
that this man did not like the rich people. He did not want to mix with them, but 
he was friendly with the poor. 

At last, the king thought of a scheme to overcome this difficulty. He dressed 
himself in rags and set out to see the saint. He wanted to appear as a poor man. 
He told his servants, who were in attendance, to stay behind went straight to the 
saint's hut. 

The saint was digging the ground in front of his hut. He was an old and a very 
weak man. He was breathing very hard and stopped frequently to take rest. 
The king approached him and said, "Sir! I have come a long way to find out 
answers to three questions. What is the most important time to start some work? 
What is the most important work to do? Who is the most important person? 
Would you kindly help me by giving answers to these questions?" 
The saint, paid no attention to the king and kept digging. The king waited for a 
few moments and then said, "Sir! you look tired, let me dig the ground for 
you." 


The saint thanked him and gave him the spade. The king started digging. After 
some time, he again asked the saint for the answers but he paid no attention. He 
said, ."Let me dig now". The king did not give him the spade, but kept digging. 
He remained calm and did not lose patience. He hoped that he would be able to 
get the answers. When evening fell, he stogged digging and said to the saint, 
"Could you please, let me know the answers now?" 

The saint still gave no answer but pointed to one side. The king glanced in that 
direction. He saw a bearded man running towards them. He was gripping a 
dagger in his right hand. When he reached them he felldown and fainted. The 
king, straightway carried the bearded man inside the hut, and gently lowered him 


36 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


to the ground. He managed to stop the bleeding immediately and put a bandage 
on his wound. The bearded man soon fell asleep. 

By this time, night had fallen. The king, felt too tired to return home. The saint 
invited him to stay the night The king, accepted his hospitality. The saint gave 
him food and a simple bedding of dry hay to sleep on. 

At break of the day the king awoke He found that the bearded man was awake. 
The king said to him, "How do you feel now?" The bearded man replied, "I feel 
better, thanks to Your Majesty. Forgive me, I came here to kill you, because you 
had got my brother killed. I became your bitter enemy out of grief. I was hiding 
and waiting for your return. As you did not return I came out of my hiding place. 
Your servants saw me and recognised me. They wounded me seriously but I 
escaped. Had you not cared for me I would have been dead, I thank you, Now, 
count me as one of your most faithful servants". Saying this he saluted the king 
and left. 

When the bearded man had departed, the king again asked the saint for the 
answers to his questions. The saint replied, "You have already been answered. 
The most important time was when you wanted to help me; the most important 
work was the digging of the ground; and I was the most important person for you. 
Had. it not been so, you would have returned and been killed. The second time, 
the most important person was the bearded man and the most important work 
was dressing his wound. Had it not been so you would not have won a faithful 
servant You are very fortunate". 

So this is the moral of the lesson: 

The most important time for doing anything is the pesent; the most important 
work is what we are doing now, and the most important person is the one whom 
we are with at the moment. 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com : 


37 





www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


20. THE GUDDU BARRAGE 

Rivers have played a very important role in the life of man. They have served, as 
trade routes from the earliest times. Before the building of roads and railways, 
most trade was carried on by boats and ships along rivers. This was the reason 
that most towns in ancient times were built near river. 


In addition to this, rivers have served man in another way. Man, was dependent 
on rains for growing crops, but there was no way to get rain water for irrigation 
at the required time. Nor, could the rains be relied upon for the right amount of 
water. It was only later that man learned to store rain water and use it for 
agriculture in the dry season. Rivers had water in abundance, so man thought of 
digging canals to get water from the rivers for irrigation. The system of canals 
proved a better source of water supply, but it had one defect. When there was 
shortage of water in the rivers during the winter season, the canals, would run 
dry and the farmers, would be left without water for their crops. 
Two problems posed by rivers are, how to get water from the rivers throughout 
the year and how to escape the fury of floods. Barrages are the answer to these 
problems. 


A barrage, is a kind of wall which blocks the flow of water. It has gates, through 
which the water is allowed to pass in a limited quantity. Its aim is to control 
the flow of water in the flood season and store it in such a manner that the canals 
can get water through-out the year. In this way, farmers can be given water for 
their fields, according to their needs. Life and property can also be protected from 
the floods by controlling the flow of water. This system has been adopted and is 
being used all over the world. 

The Guddu barrage is one of the many barrages built in Pakistan. It is built on the 
river Indus which flows almost the whole length of Pakistan. 

The Guddu barrage, is built at a place where the river is fourteen kilometres in 
width. It is designed to force the water-spread over fourteen kilometres to pass 
through a narrow barrage of about a kilometre. The barrage is 1355 metres in 
length. It is made in such a way that a flood of about 1.2 million cusecs can pass 
through it. The 7 metres wide road bridge over the barrage has reduced the road 
distance between Lahore and Quetta. The distance, between Rahimyar Khan and 
Kashmore has almost been halved. It has a system of three main canals, two on 
the right bank and one/ on the left. The Begari Sindh Feeder and the Desert Pat 
Feeder, are on the right bank and th Ghotki Feeder on the left bank. They are 
among the biggest feeder canals of the world. The barrage is meant to irrigate an 
area of 2.7 million acres. 

Most of this area lies in the Sukkur and Jacobabad districts of Sindh and the rest 
in the Kalat division of Baluchistan province. The grain output of this area is 
expected to rise by half a million tons. 

The Guddu barrage is one of the biggest barrages of Pakistan. It has also been 
the most difficult to complete. 

More than 5,000 engineers, technicians and labourers worked day and night to 
complete it. It was put into operation on 4th February, 1962. 


www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com : Jj 




www.iqbalkalmati.blogspot.com 


English 


Sindh Text Book Board, Jamshoro. 


The barrage has tamed the river and put an end to the damage caused by floods 
in this area. 

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PAKISTAN MOVEMENT

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PAKISTAN MOVEMENT

You have already learnt that Pakistan was established on 14 August, 1947. Before  this the British ruled South Asia. After about one hundred years of the British rule, both the Hindus and the Muslims of India realized that they must recover their independence and do away with the rule of the British. In the beginning, both the Hindus and the Muslims worked together to drive the British from India. Together they formed a political party called the Indian National Congress, But soon the Muslims realized that the Hindus who were in majority in the Congress as well as in the country, would never give equal treatment to the Muslims and would not share the fruits of independence with them. So they formed their own political party, and called it the All-India Muslim League. Many Muslim leaders, who had earlier joined the Congress party now left it and became members of the Muslim League. In 1934, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah became its President The Muslims being united on a common platform, under his able guidance and leadership, now started their struggle for an independent Muslim State to be called Pakistan.

توهان اڳي  ئي پڙهي چڪا آهيو ته پاڪستان 14 اگسٽ 1947ع تي قائم ٿيو. ان کان اڳ  ڏکڻ ايشيا تي برطانيه جي حڪومت هئي، برطانوي حڪومت کي اٽڪل هڪ سئو سال گزرڻ بعد هندستان جي هندو ۽ مسلمانن کي احساس ٿيو ته انهن کي ضرور پنهنجي  آزادي واپس وٺڻ گھرجي ۽ برطانوي حڪومت ختم ڪرڻ گھرجي. شروعات هندو ۽ مسلمانن برطانيه کي هندستان مان ڌکي ڪڍڻ لاءِ ٻنهي گڏ ڪم ڪيو. گڏجي هنن هڪ جماعت ٺاهي جنهن کي انڊين نيشل ڪانگريس سڏڻ لڳا. پر جلد ئي مسلمانن اهو محسوس ڪيو ته هندو جيڪي ڪانگريس توڙي ملڪ ۾ اڪثريت ۾ هيا اهي ڪڏهن به مسلمانن سان برابري وارو سلوڪ نه رکندا ۽ آزاديءَ جو ڦل نه ونڊيدا. تنهنڪري، هنن پنهنجي ذاتي جماعت ٺاهي ۽ ان کي آل انڊيا مسلم ليگ سڏيائون. ڪيترائي مسلمان اڳواڻ جيڪي اڳ ڪانگريس ۾ شامل ٿيا هيا، هاڻي ان کي ڇڏي ۽ مسلم ليگ جا رڪن بڻيا. 1934ع ۾ قائد اعظم محمد علي جناح ان جو صدر بڻيو. مسلمانن ، هن جي قابل رهبري ۽ اڳواڻيءَ هيٺ، هڪ عام پليٽ فام تي بيهي ڪري هاڻي پاڪستان جي نالي سان سڏجندڙ هڪ آزاد مسلمان رياست لاءِ جدوجهد شروع ڪئي.

 It was very difficult to make the British realize that they had to consider the demands of the Muslims before they decided to give independence to India. A long and hard struggle followed. Not only did the men take part, but women also actively participated in this glorious struggle. At that time, our women were in strict purdah. They were less educated and less politically aware than the Hindu women. But, there were a number of brave and selfless women who inspite of these hindrances, came forward and worked for this noble cause side by side with men. They formed the women's branch of the Muslim League to organize women and inform them about the politics of the country. They travelled to the countryside to tell the women there, what they should do. They organised public meetings for women and addressed large gatherings. They also took part in public meetings organised by men and made speeches before large audiences. They met wives and daughters of the British officers including those of the Viceroys and made them realise that their demand was just. They opened classes in their own homes to educate Muslim girls. Sometimes, the police would use  tear-gas and would lathi-charge the women's meetings and even arrest their leaders.

اهو برطانيه کي احساس ڏيارڻ تمام گھڻو مشڪل هيو ته هو هندستان جي آزاديءَ جو فيصلو ڪرڻ کان اڳ هنن کي مسلمانن جي مطالبن تي نظر ثاني ڪرڻ گھرجي. هڪ طويل ۽ سخت جدوجهد تي عمل ٿيو. نه فقط مردن پر عورتن  به هن عظيم جدوجهد ۾ڦڙتيءَ سان حصو ورتو. ان وقت اسان جون عورتون سخت پردي ۾ هونديو هيون. اهي هندو عورتن کان گھٽ تعليم يافته ۽ گھٽ سياسي طرح سان آگاه هيون.  پر اتي بهادر۽ بي غرض عورتن جوهڪ تعداد  هيو جيڪي انهن رڪاوٽن جي باوجود اڳتي آيون ۽ ان اعليٰ مقصد لاءِ مردن سان شانه بشانه ڪم ڪرڻ لڳيون . انهن عورتن کي منظم ڪرڻ لاءِ ۽ انهن کي ملڪ جي سياست جي باري ۾ آگاه ڪرڻ لاءِ مسلم ليگ جي عورتن واري شاخ جوڙي. انهن ٻهراڙين جو سفر ڪري اتي عورتن کي ٻڌايو ته انهن کي ڇا ڪرڻ گھرجي. انهن عورتن لاءِ عوامي گڏجاڻين جو بندوبست ڪيو ۽ وڏن جلسن کي خطاب ڪيو. انهن مردن جون  ترتيب ڏنل گڏجاڻين ۾ پڻ شريڪ ٿيون ۽  حاضرين جي وڏي تعداد آڏو تقريرون ڪيون. انهن برطانيه جي آفيسرن بشمول انهن وائسراءِ جي  زالن ۽ ڌيئرن  سان پڻ مليون ۽ انهن کي اهو احساس ڏياريو ته انهن  جو مطالبو جائز آهي. انهن مسلمان ڇوڪرين کي پڙهائڻ لاءِ پنهنجن ذاتي گھرن ۾ ڪلاس هلايا. ڪڏهن ڪڏهن پوليس عورتن جي جلوسن  تي ڳوڙها گئس استعمال ڪندي هئي ۽ لاٺي چارج ڪندي هئي ۽ انهن جي سربراهن کي به گرفتار ڪندي هئي.

They encouraged their brothers, husbands and sons not  give up the struggle until their goal was achieved. Among such selfless and courageous women the name of aged Abadi Begum, popularly known as 'Bi Aman' leads the rest 'Bi Aman' was the mother of Moulana Mohammad Ali and Moulana Shaukat Ali, two brave and noble brothers who devoted their lives to the cause of Muslims. When in this struggle the two brothers were arrested, brought to trial and imprisoned for two years, she sent a word to them not to give up their cause and not to ask for pardon, which was the condition of their release. 'Bi Aman' had not been to school or college. Her greatness lies in the fact that she had taught her sons to be willing to sacrifice their lives in the cause of Muslim independence and later encouraged them to accomplish their goal.

 اهي پنهنجي ڀائرن، پٽن ۽ مڙسن کي اها همٿ ڏيارينديون هيون ته جيسيتائين اهي پنهنجو مقصد حاصل نه ڪن تيسيتائين پنهنجي  جدوجهد نه ڇڏين.  اهڙي بي  غرض ۽ همٿ وارين عورتن منجھ  عابدي بيگم، عام طرح بي امان سان مشهور، باقين کان اڳ ڪڍي وئي. بي امان مولانه محمد علي ۽ مولانه شوڪت علي جوهر جي ماءُ هئي، به عظيم ڀائر جن مسلمانن خاطر پنهنجون زندگيون صرف ڪيون. جڏهن اهي ٻه ڀائر ان جدوجهد ۾ گرفتار ڪيا ويا، مقدمي لاءِ آندا ويا ۽ ٻن سالن لاءِ جيل اماڻيا ويا. تڏهن، هن انهن لاءِ نياپو موڪليو ته پنهنجي مقصد کي نه ڇڏجو ۽ معافي نه گھرجو، جيڪو انهن جي رها ئيءَ جو شرط هيو.بي امان ڪڏهن به اسڪول يا ڪاليج نه وئي هئي. هن جي عظمت ان حقيقت ۾ سمايل آهي ته هن پنهنجي پٽن کي مسلمانن جي آزاديءَ جي مقصد لاءِ پنهنجون جانيون قربان ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار رهڻ سيکاريو ۽ بعد ۾ انهن کي پنهنجي مقصد جي ڪاميابيءَ لاءِ همٿايو.

Another lady worthy of our admiration is Begum Mohammad Ali. Dressed in a burqah she not only attended men's public meetings but was also the first Muslim woman to address them. She spoke in simple words and in a natural tone but very effectively. She also wrote for the Press. Her opinions were highly respected and the Quaid-i-Azam held her in great esteem. When she was to address women's meetings, large crowds would gather to hear her. Men and women honoured her alike.

هڪ ٻي اسان جي قابل تعريف عورت بيگم محمد علي هئي. برقعو پائي هوءَ نه فقط مردن جي جلسن ۾ حاضر ٿيندي هئي بلڪه هوءَ پهرين مسلمان عورت هئي جنهن انهن کي خطاب ڪيو.  هوءَ تمام سادن لفظن ۽ فطري انداز ۾ ڳالهائيندي هئي پر نهايت اثرائتي نموني. هو اخبار ۾ پڻ لکندي هئي. هن جي خيالن جو گھڻو احترام ڪيو ويندو هيو ۽ قائد اعظم ان جو تمام گھڻو قدر ڪندو هيو. جڏهن به هن کي خطاب ڪرڻو پوندو هيو ته هن کي ٻڌڻ لاءِ عورت جو هڪ وڏو ميڙ جمع ٿيندو هيو. عورتن ۽ مرد هن جو برابر ادب ڪندا هيا.

Then there was Miss Fatima Jinnah whom the grateful nation later called Madr-i-Millat (Mother of the nation). She helped her brother in the struggle for the establishment of Pakistan. It was through her that the Muslim women were able to seek the Quaid-i-Azam's guidance and to have interviews with him. Being more politically informed, she passed on her information to other women. In addition to all this, she looked after her illustrious brother.

ٻي هئي محترمه فاطمه جناح جنهن کي احساس مند قوم مادر ملت (قوم جي ماءُ) سڏيو. هن پاڪستان جي قيام جي جدوجهد ۾ پنهنجي ڀاءُ جي مدد ڪئي. هن جي وسيلي مسلمانن عورتن  قائد اعظم جي  رهنمائي حاصل ڪرڻ ۽ ان سان سوال جواب ڪرڻ جي قابل بڻيون.وڌيڪ سياسي آگاھ هئڻ ڪري هن پنهنجي ڄاڻ ٻين عورتن تائين پهچائي. ان سمورن معاملن سان گڏوگڏ هو پنهنجي نامي گرامي ڀاءُ جي سار سنڀال لهندي هئي.

 Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali worked as an honorary secretary and typist to Liaquat Ali Khan (her husband) at a time, when the Muslim League could not afford the salary of a secretary. She arranged parties, where Muslim women could meet the wife and the daughter of the Viceroy, so as to explain to them their side of the matter and express their protest. She also organised the Women's Voluntary Service and later the Women's National Guards, consisting of three battalions with 2400 girls, in which, she herself held the rank of Brigadier.

بيگم رانا لياقت علي پنهنجي مڙس لياقت علي خان جي ان وقت هڪ اعزازي سيڪريٽري ۽ ٽائپسٽ هئي جڏهن مسلم ليگ  سيڪريٽري جي پگھار ادا نه پئي ڪري سگھي.  پارٽين جو اهتمام ڪيو جتي مسلمان عورتون وائسراءِ جي ڌيءَ ۽ زال سان ملي سگھن ته جئين هو پنهنجي  بيان ڪن ۽ پنهنجي معاملي جو پهلو  بيان ڪن ۽ پنهنجي  احتجاج جو مظاهرو ڪن. هن ”وومينس والنٽري سروس“ ۽ بعد ۾ ”وومينس نيشنل گارڊس“  2400  ڇوڪرين سان ٽن پلٽون تي مشتمل پڻ ترتيب ڏني، جنهن ۾، هن برگيڊئر جو عهدو سنڀاليو.

In Sindh, the work of awakening the Muslim women was carried out by Lady Nusrat Haroon, Lady Sughra Hidayatullah, Begum Khairunnisa Shaban and Miss Fakhrunnisa Wali Mohammad Effendi. Lady Haroon was a spirited woman of upright character and a kind hostess. Her house in Karachi became the centre of women's political activities and it was a place of welcome to the Muslim League workers when they came to Karachi to attend meetings. Classes were also held in her house to educate Muslim girls, Lady Hidayatullah travelled throughout Sindh holding women's public meetings. The first public meeting of women in Sindh was held in Karachi's Zoological Garden. These three ladies led the anti-British processions. Lady Sughra Hidayatullah and Begum Khairunnisa Shaban also led processions in Lahore and succeeded in hoisting the Muslim League flag on the Secretariat.

سنڌ ۾ مسلمان عورتن ۾ سجاڳيءَ جو ڪم ليڊي نصرت هارون، ليڊي صغره هدايت الله، بيگم خيرالنساءِ ۽ مس فخرالنساءِ ولي محمد سر انجام ڏنو. بيگم فخر النساءِ هڪ اعليٰ ڪردار واري جوشيلي عورت ۽ سٺي قربائتي ميزبان هئي،  ڪراچيءَ ۾ هن جو گھر عورتن جي سياسي سرگرمين جو مرڪز بڻيو ۽ اها مسلم ليگ جي ورڪرس کي ڀليڪار ڪرڻ جي جڳه هئي ، جڏهن اهي ڪراچيءِ ڪنهن گڏجاڻي ۾ شريڪ ٿيڻ اينديون هيون، مسلمان ڇوڪرين کي تعليم ڏيڻ لاءِ هن جي گھر ۾ ڪلاس هلايا ويندا هيا. ليڊي هدايت الله عورتن جون عوامي گڏجاڻيون ڪرڻ لاءِ سموري سنڌ ۾ سفر ڪيو. سنڌ ۾ پهرين عورتن جي عوامي گڏجاڻي ڪراچي زولاجيڪل گارڊن ۾ ٿي. هنن ٽنهي عورتن برطانيه خلاف جلوس جي سرپرستي ڪئي. ليڊي صغره هدايت الله ۽ بيگم خيرالنساءِ شعبان لاهور ۾ پڻ جلوس جي اڳواڻي ڪئي ۽ سيڪريٽريٽ تي مسلم ليگ جو جھنڊو چاڙهڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيون.

Begum Jahan Ara Shahnawaz from the Punjab represented the Muslim women at the three Round Table Conferences held in London and was the first woman ever to make a speech in London's Guild Hall. She also travelled widely and explained to the people of other countries, why the Muslims in India wanted a separate State. Other women, who played an active part in the struggle for independence, are Begum Iqbal Hussain, Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain, Geti Ara Bashir Ahmed, Begum Shaista Ikramullah, Begum Viqarunnisa Noon, Begum Nawab Mohammad Ismail, Noorus-Sabah Begum and Fatima Shaikh of Hyderabad Sindh.

پنجاب جي بيگم جهان آرا شاهنوار لنڊن ۾ منعقد ٿيل ٽئين گول ميز ڪانفرنس ۾ مسلمان عورتن جي نمائندگي ڪئي ، لنڊن گلڊس هال ۾ تقرير ڪندڙ تڏهن هڪ پهرين مسلمان خاتون هئي. هن پڻ ديس به ديس سفر ڪيو ۽ ٻين ملڪن جي ماڻهن کي واضع ڪيو ته هندستان ۾ مسلمان هڪ الڳ رياست ڇو ٿا چاهين. ٻيون عورتون بيگم اقبال حسين، بيگم سلمان تصدق حسين، گيتي آرا بشير احمد، بيگم شائسته اڪرام الله، بيگم وقارالنساءِ نون، بيگم نواب محمد اسماعيل، نورالصبابيگم ۽ حيدرآباد، سنڌ جي فاطمه شيخ جن آزاديءَ جي جدوجهد ۾ ڀرپور ڪردار نڀايو.